Keywords :
Acute hepatitis, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, Hepatitis D virus 5, Mongolia, Viral hepatitis
Citation Information :
Badamnachin B, Badamjav T, Dondov G, Dashjamts G, Tserendorj C, Lonjid T, Tsolmon B, Batsaikhan B. The Dynamics of the Prevalence of Acute Viral Hepatitis and the Strategies against Viral Hepatitis in Mongolia. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2024; 14 (1):65-69.
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common cancer in Mongolia. The relative importance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in HCC etiology is known to vary greatly from one part of the world to another. Principally, 95% of HCC patients have chronic viral hepatitis, including 53% hepatitis B virus, 38.9% HCV, and 5.6% have HBV/HCV coinfection. Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection is widely spread in our country, anti-HDV has been found in more than 25% of carriers who have HBsAg.
Materials and methods: We analyzed data of patients who had been diagnosed with acute viral hepatitis in the Department of adult hepatitis, National Center for Communicable Diseases in Mongolia from 1952 to 2018.
Results: A total of 318,831 cases of acute viral hepatitis were registered in Mongolia between 1981 and 2019, which is 34.9 cases per 10,000 population. Of these, 265,931 cases of acute viral hepatitis A, or 28.6 per 10,000 populations, 48,855 cases of acute viral hepatitis B, or 5.5 cases per 10,000 populations, and 2,607 cases of acute viral hepatitis C, or 0.4 cases per 10,000 populations were recorded.
Conclusion: The prevalence of viral hepatitis in our country was the highest in 1981–1991, but since 2012, the prevalence of infection has steadily decreased. In Mongolia, since 1960, multifaceted programs and activities to combat viral hepatitis have been successfully implemented at the national level.
WHO. Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral hepatitis, 2016–2021. 2016. Available from: www.who.int/hepatitis/strategy2016-2021/ghss-hep/en/.
Torrens L, Puigvehí M, Torres-Martín M, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma in Mongolia delineates unique molecular traits and a mutational signature associated with environmental agents. Clin Cancer Res 2022;28(20):4509–4520. DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-22-0632.
Candia J, Bayarsaikhan E, Tandon M, et al. The genomic landscape of Mongolian hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun 2020;11(1):4383. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18186-1.
Baatarkhuu O, Uugantsetseg G, Munkh-Orshikh D, et al. Viral hepatitis and liver diseases in Mongolia. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2017;7(1):68–72. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1215.
Kurbanov F, Tanaka Y, Elkady A, et al. Tracing hepatitis C and Delta viruses to estimate their contribution in HCC rates in Mongolia. J Viral Hepat 2007;14(9):667–674. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2007.00864.x.
Hayashi T, Takeshita Y, Hutin YJ, et al. The global hepatitis delta virus (HDV) epidemic: What gaps to address in order to mount a public health response? Arch Public Health 2021;79(1):180. DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00693-2.
Meireles LC, Marinho RT, Van Damme P. Three decades of hepatitis B control with vaccination. World J Hepatol 2015;7(18):2127–2132. DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i18.2127.
Kabore HJ, Li X, Allison RD, et al. Effects of decreased immunization coverage for hepatitis B virus caused by COVID-19 in World Health Organization Western Pacific and African Regions, 2020. Emerg Infect Dis 2022;28(13):217–224. DOI: 10.3201/eid2813.212300.
Cheng TW, Yang JF, Chen YY, et al. Epidemiology of chronic hepatitis B infection in the cohort of college students with vaccination in Taiwan. Vaccines 2023;11(2):348. DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020348.
Zemanek CE, Liu N, Sablak CH, et al. Relationship between vaccination status and biopsychosocial characteristics in sheltered adolescents. Cureus. 2021;13(1):e12575. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12575.
Nyamdavaa P. Immunization against hepatitis B virus: In the world and in Mongolia. “Problems of Virology” presentation of the National X conference. 2004:11–12.
Nyamdavaa P. Incidence of viral infections and the level of immunity of the population against viruses”/on the example of the Republic of Mongolia. One-theme work for the doctoral degree of Shu University. 1989.
Khurelbaatar N. Spread of hepatitis B and D virus infection. Viral hepatitis conference. 2009.
Al. OTe. The spread of hepatitis B and C viruses among the population of Ulaanbaatar. Mongolian Journal of Medicine 2010;4(97):17–20.
O Nandin-Erdene DD, H Okomato. The results of determining hepatitis B virus infection in rural population over 40 years old. Mongolian Journal of Epidemiology 2013;4(53):10–12.
Baatarkhuu O, Kim DY, Ahn SH, et al. Prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus among apparently healthy individuals in Mongolia: A population-based nationwide study. Liver Int 2008;28(10):1389–1395. DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2008.01820.x.
Tserenpuntsag B, Ouynbileg L, Nelson K, et al. Prevalence of infectious diseases among Mongolian blood donors. J Infect Dev Ctries 2008;2(1):73–75. DOI: 10.3855/jidc.326.
Davaalkham D, Ojima T, Uehara R, et al. Impact of the universal hepatitis B immunization program in Mongolia: Achievements and challenges. J Epidemiol 2007;17(3):69–75. DOI: 10.2188/jea.17.69.
Otgonbayar THB, Gerelmaa ET, Azzaya, et al. The prevalence of hepatitis B and D viruses among doctors and hospital workers in Ulaanbaatar city. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010;6(37):7–8.
Healthy Liver National Program. Available from: www.uv.mohs.gov.mn/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/“ЭЛЭГ-БYТЭН-МОНГОЛ”-YНДЭСНИЙ-ХθТθЛБθР.pdf.
Dashtseren B, Bungert A, Bat-Ulzii P, et al. Endemic prevalence of hepatitis B and C in Mongolia: A nationwide survey amongst Mongolian adults. J Viral Hepat 2017;24(9):759–767. DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12697.